Rekha Kumari
Botany
September 2021
Fruits, nuts, vegetables, spices & condiments, ornamentals, aromatics, and medicinal plants are all examples of horticultural crops. Fragrant flowers and bushes are another type of horticulture produce. The primary reason for cultivating fruit trees is for their edible fruit, while the primary reason for cultivating ornamental plants is for their aesthetic value. As a result of climate change and other (a)biotic influences, many tropical and subtropical species are currently facing extinction. Germplasms of these species must be conserved to ensure the continued and future success of efforts to improve genetics. In contrast to seed banks and in vitro banks, cryopreservation can be used for both vegetatively and generatively (through seeds) propagated crops, including those with recalcitrant seeds, making it a promising long-term preservation technique. Cryopreservation is an option besides seed banks and in vitro banks, and it can be used for plants that are propagated either vegetatively or generatively (through seeds). Expert control of micropropagation on a broad scale is the method of choice for both protecting plant biodiversity and eliminating viruses. Reduced in vitro culture expenses, space needs, contamination risks, and operator errors are some of cryopreservation's key advantages. One of the trickiest problems is developing preconditioning treatments that trigger physiological processes to significantly improve tolerance to dehydration and freezing operations. Due of their sensitivity to temperature changes, tropical species provide a unique set of challenges. Cryopreservation methods that use encapsulation-vitrification, droplet-vitrification, aluminum cryo-plates, and cryo-mesh have all been developed in recent years. The preservation of genes and DNA, as well as studies aiming at monitoring biomolecular events and making sense of the many steps involved in cryopreservation, are receiving more attention.
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