Kumari Sarita Mahato
Chemistry
June 2025
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂RR) offers an attractive potential solution to climate change by converting CO₂ into useful fuels and chemicals (e.g. CO, formic acid, methanol, hydrocarbons) using renewable electricity. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent progress in electrode materials (metal-based, oxide-derived, carbon-based, single-atom catalysts (SACs)), and their contributions to improved selectivity, lowered overpotentials, and increased durability. Copper is still a promising catalyst for a wide range of C₁ and C₂ products, while metals such as Au, Ag, Sn, and Bi exhibit excellent selectivity for either CO or formate. Advances in electrochemical cell designs (e.g. H-type, flow, membrane electrode assembly systems) can substantially impact CO₂RR performance through improved mass transport and current density. Performance indicators, such as Faradaic efficiency, current density, overpotential, and durability, are evaluated to assess the viability of the system under realistic conditions. Optimized catalysts, with cell designs suitable for large-scale manufacturing, significantly contribute to the development of CO₂ conversion technologies that can be more efficient and relevant to industrial standards.
1119- 1134
© Airo Journals 2021
