Dr. Arunima Borah
Education
August 2025
In this study, the philosophical foundations of inclusive education in India and the West are examined, with particular attention to how historical movements, cultural traditions, and legislative frameworks have influenced methods of teaching special needs children. The Enlightenment principles of equality, justice, and autonomy have had a significant impact on inclusive education in Western contexts. Locke, Kant, and Dewey were among the thinkers who highlighted education as a right and a means of promoting personal liberty. The Civil Rights Movement and legislative initiatives such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which established the right of children with disabilities to attend school with their classmates, served to strengthen these ideals. On the other hand, India draws from its rich philosophical and sociocultural traditions. Leaders like Gandhi and Tagore advocated for education as a comprehensive process that honors moral growth and diversity. The Right to Education Act and the Rehabilitation Council of India Act, which ensure access and encourage inclusive practices for children with disabilities, are two examples of laws that reflect this vision and are enshrined in the Indian Constitution
488- 513
© Airo Journals 2021
