Dr. Jaya Sharma
Computer Science
October 2025
The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the communication process of everyday devices, machines, and sensors. IoT enables device data to be collected, aggregated, and shared autonomously which has paved the way for real-time monitoring and better decision making that would have previously been difficult. IoT is affecting every industry, including smart cities, healthcare, agriculture, energy management, and everyday life in general, by linking physical objects to digital management systems as part of a design to automate activities, save time and provide better efficiency. The number of connected devices is increasing at rapid rates, especially with new technologies like 5G, low-power networks, and edge computing. The implementation of these technologies is just one of the many aspects of IoT in applications we regularly encounter related to managing smart homes by controlling lighting and security, wearable health monitoring, automated industrial applications, precision farming, and smart transportation. However, some issues still remain. Administrating on large scales is more complex, with the acknowledgement of privacy, security, and interoperability as factors. Processing and analyzing billions of data streams in real-time while maintaining a reliable and robust system is also difficult. Researchers and developers are working to address these aspects, including developing secure communication protocols, utilizing middleware platforms, cloud processing, and edge processing. More standardized platforms have enhanced compatibility between devices, and as an enhancement of IoT intelligence that incorporates artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and visible light communications. These solutions are helping devices better understand the environment in which they reside and provide adaptive responses as well as automated decisions. This review will cover IoT applications, challenges, and mitigation methods and suggest a future direction for exploration.
106- 120
© Airo Journals 2021
